This project examined the key costs involved in the delivery of EM services in the Pacific Islands region and proposed a cost recovery framework. The framework incorporated a set of key high level principles to guide the design of a cost recovery regime, as well as more detailed operational level polices to guide application in practice (i.e. which bits should be funded by who, and to what extent?). The study also provided template Excel spreadsheets for FFA members to calculate recovery costs, as well as advice on administrative and institutional arrangements to support effective implementation of cost recovery arrangements.