Trade-based measures are one of a number of monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) tools, for combating illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing activities. One important type of trade-based measure consists of catch and trade documentation schemes developed by Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs). This report reviews and compares the requirements of all of the RFMO schemes and the EU IUU regulation to identify current best practice as well as gaps inhibiting effective performance. It then assesses the operational performance of three RFMO schemes and makes specific recommendations for the development of a scheme for the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC). Schemes reviewed included those established by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) for toothfish; the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT) for southern bluefin tuna; the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) for bigeye tuna; the International Commission for Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) for northern bluefin tuna, bigeye tuna and swordfish; and the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) for bigeye tuna.
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